We recommend you always carry an Air Horn and Dog/Coyote Deterrent Spray when out walking, hiking, running, jogging, or biking in areas where there is a possibility of a Dog or Coyote encounter.  There are many reasons for the encounter to result in a physical assault.  Dogs are usually protecting their area or feeling a threat, so leaving the area slowly whenever possible is usually a good solution.  Coyotes are usually very afraid to be around humans and usually only approach when hunger is an issue, particularly if you are with a smaller pet.  Coyotes in urban areas may also have become accustomed to humans.  The use of an Air Horn has helped to stop animals from continuing to approach in reports others have made.  A solid walking stick can also be useful in defending yourself rather than extending your arms and legs to protect yourself.  Dog/Coyote Spray is effective as a deterrent in most cases and is considered a standard piece of safety equipment authorized for use when required by Canada Post and most Delivery Companies.

1. Avoid Dog and Coyote encounters whenever possible.
2. If being approached by an animal, slowly turn away and try to leave the area.  Blast your Air Horn if available.
3. Prepare for use of Deterrent Spray if available.  Consider the strength and direction of the wind so as not to get any blowback on yourself.
4. If the animal continues to approach, do not show panic and do not flee.  Do not look them directly in the eye, but keep them in your peripheral vision.  Try commanding in a loud, stern voice, Stop, Back Off, Go Away!!
5. If an attack appears certain, spray the animal directly in the face from up to 10 feet away until they stop their advance. Use your walking stick or other objects to protect yourself. Throw whatever else you have away from you if you think it might distract the animal, or protect yourself from bites such as holding a backpack between you and the animal’s mouth.
6. If no other means of defense, a hard heel kick on the side or top of the head, or deep into the side of the chest, may deter the animal from continuing.  At all times avoid allowing the animal to reach vital areas, protect your neck, and keep your hands protected as fists.
7. Seek medical help as soon as possible and report all incidents to authorities.

Remember – every encounter is different.  The above suggestions are what should be helpful in most scenarios, but be prepared to improvise as required to reduce the chances of injury and death.